PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN LARUTAN KALSIUM KARBONAT (CaCO3) TERHADAP KADAR ASAM LEMAK BEBAS BUAH KELAPA SAWIT RESTA

Standar maksimal kadar asam lemak bebas (ALB) crude palm oil (CPO) yang ditetapkan PT. SMART Tbk, adalah 3%. Selama bulan Maret 2016 kadar ALB CPO di pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS) Batu Ampar adalah 3,94%. Pada tanggal 1-18 April 2016 kadar ALB CPO meningkat menjadi 5,02%. Peningkatan kadar ALB tersebut mempengaruhi kualitas CPO produksi. CPO dengan kadar ALB yang tinggi menyebabkan bau tengik dan rasa yang tidak lezat pada hasil produk olahannya. Peningkatan kadar ALB salah satunya disebabkan oleh penundaan waktu olah buah (restan). Untuk meminimalkan peningkatan ALB pada saat restan, maka diperlukan perlakuan tambahan. Salah satunya dengan pemberian larutan kalsium karbonat pada saat buah mengalami restan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari penggunaan larutan kalsium karbonat terhadap kadar ALB buah kelapa sawit restan. Penelitian menggunakan sampel berupa brondolan (buah sawit yang lepas dari tandan). Brondolan diambil dari buah sawit yang masih melekat pada tandan, dengan kriteria buah adalah terlalu matang. Pemberian larutan kalsium karbonat dengan cara disemprotkan secara merata ke seluruh permukaan buah. Konsentrasi larutan kalsium karbonat yang digunakan yakni 50.000 ppm, 100.000 ppm dan 150.000 ppm. Kemudian dilakukan restan dan pengujian kadar ALB pada sampel. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan sampel buah kelapa sawit yang diberi larutan kalsium karbonat, kadar ALB-nya lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan sampel yang tidak diberi larutan. Kadar ALB buah kelapa sawit yang mengalami restan 16 jam adalah 1,28% (tanpa CaCO3), 1,21% (CaCO3 50.000 ppm), 1,16% (CaCO3 100.000 ppm) dan 1,11% (CaCO3 150.000 ppm). Kadar ALB buah kelapa sawit dengan restan 24 jam adalah 1,61% (tanpa CaCO3), 1,57% (CaCO3 50.000 ppm), 1,49% (CaCO3 100.000 ppm) dan 1,41% (CaCO3 150.000 ppm).---The standard maximum levels of free fatty acids (FFA) crude palm oil (CPO), which established PT. SMART Tbk, is 3%. During the month of March 2016 levels of FFA CPO in palm oil mill (POM) Batu Ampar is 3,94%. On 1-April 18, 2016 levels of FFA CPO increased to 5,02%. Increased levels of the FFA affect the quality of CPO production. CPO with levels of FFA high cause a rancid smell and taste not delicious on the results of petrol products. Increased levels of FFA one of them caused by delay time though the fruit (restan). To minimize the increase of FFA at the time of restan, additional treatment is required. One of them with giving of a solution of calcium carbonate at the time of the fruit undergoes restan. This research aims to knowing the influence of use a solution of calcium carbonate against the levels of FFA palm fruit restan. Research using a sample form brondolan (palm fruit the escape from bunches). Brondolan taken from palm fruit that is still attached to the bunches, with the criteria of the fruit is too ripe. The giving of a solution of calcium carbonate by means of sprayed evenly over the entire surface of the fruit. The concentration of a solution of calcium carbonate which is used i.e. 50,000 ppm, 100,000 ppm and 150,000 ppm. Then do restan and testing the levels of FFA in the sample. The result of the research shows palm fruit samples were given a solution of calcium carbonate, his FFA levels is lower compared to samples that were not given the solution. The levels of FFA palm fruit experiencing restan 16 hours is 1.28% (without CaCO3), 1.21% (50,000 ppm CaCO3), 1.16% (100,000 ppm CaCO3) and 1.11% (150,000 ppm CaCO3). The levels of FFA palm fruit experiencing restan 24 hours is 1.61% (without CaCO3), 1.57% (50,000 ppm CaCO3), 1.49% (100,000 ppm CaCO3) and 1.41% (150,000 ppm CaCO3).